Scientists Discovered How Sleep Cleans Toxins From Your Brain

Scientists now know how cerebrospinal fluid cleans the brain as you sleep, removing toxins that could cause Alzheimer's.

By Seeker

Published on 1/21/2020 at 2:57 PM

Elements is more than just a science show. It’s your science-loving best friend, tasked with keeping you updated and interested on all the compelling, innovative and groundbreaking science happening all around us. Join our passionate hosts as they help break down and present fascinating science, from quarks to quantum theory and beyond.

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The Amazon Rainforest Could Become a Savannah Within 15 Years, Here’s How
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The Amazon Rainforest Could Become a Savannah Within 15 Years, Here’s How

New research suggests that if the current rate of deforestation continues, the Amazon rainforest could transform into a savannah within 15 years.

The First Full-Size 3D Print of a Human Heart Is Here
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The First Full-Size 3D Print of a Human Heart Is Here

A team at Carnegie Mellon University has just developed the first flexible, full-size, 3D-print of a human heart.

The COVID-19 Vaccines Are Here. So What Happens Next?
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The COVID-19 Vaccines Are Here. So What Happens Next?

The COVID-19 vaccines have arrived — here's what we know about the distribution plan.

The Uncomfortable Truth About Deep Sea Mining
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The Uncomfortable Truth About Deep Sea Mining

To meet the world's growing demand for batteries, private companies are looking to mine the ocean floor — here’s what we know.

If the Coronavirus is Mutating, What Does That Mean For Us?
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If the Coronavirus is Mutating, What Does That Mean For Us?

SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is mutating — here's what that means for us.

The Average Human Body Temperature ISN’T 98.6°F Anymore
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The Average Human Body Temperature ISN’T 98.6°F Anymore

New studies have uncovered that the average human body temperature is actually lower than 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.

The World's First Commercially Available Flying Car Is Here
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The World's First Commercially Available Flying Car Is Here

The world's first commercial flying car is here — and it's legal.

SpaceX’s New Rocket Fuel Could Help Us Finally Launch Humans to Mars
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SpaceX’s New Rocket Fuel Could Help Us Finally Launch Humans to Mars

SpaceX is developing a new kind of rocket propellant that could help us finally launch humans to Mars.

These Power-Free 3D-Printed Objects Can Talk With WiFi
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These Power-Free 3D-Printed Objects Can Talk With WiFi

Researchers developed a way for 3D-printed objects to connect to WiFi without electronics or batteries.

Climate Change Is Causing Natural Disasters, According to Science
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Climate Change Is Causing Natural Disasters, According to Science

Scientists can now prove that climate change is causing natural disasters.

Why We’re Seeing More Gravitational Wave Events Than Ever Before
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Why We’re Seeing More Gravitational Wave Events Than Ever Before

LIGO and Virgo recently detected 39 new gravitational wave events, including signals that could help us probe unresolved mysteries of the universe.

This 'Magic Ion' in Your Tap Water Could Be Making You Happier
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This 'Magic Ion' in Your Tap Water Could Be Making You Happier

Tap water contains traces of lithium, a natural element that’s widely used as a mood-stabilizing treatment — could this 'magic ion' be making us happier?

Green Hydrogen Is Sparking a Revolution in Sustainable Energy
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Green Hydrogen Is Sparking a Revolution in Sustainable Energy

A viable substitute for fossil fuels, hydrogen has been struggling to gain traction for years — but thanks to Europe, that could soon change.

How to Wire a Computer Like a Human Brain
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How to Wire a Computer Like a Human Brain

The goal of neuromorphic computing is to mimic the neural structure of the brain — meet the generation of computer chips getting closer to reaching that goal.

The World’s First Room Temperature Superconductor Is Here
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The World’s First Room Temperature Superconductor Is Here

Meet the first room temperature superconductor.

How Graphene Could Help Us Build Bigger and Better Quantum Computers
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How Graphene Could Help Us Build Bigger and Better Quantum Computers

Quantum computers could be a massive technological leap forward, but they’re sensitive to interference — researchers in Finland may have created a solution.

How Big Can a Black Hole Get?
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How Big Can a Black Hole Get?

New research suggests black holes can get ‘stupendously large’ — so how big can they actually get?

Fusion Energy Could Be a Reality in Less Than 5 Years
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Fusion Energy Could Be a Reality in Less Than 5 Years

New research suggests SPARC could be the first experimental device to achieve an energy-positive fusion reaction.

This Mutant Super-Enzyme Can Eat Plastic Waste Within Days
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This Mutant Super-Enzyme Can Eat Plastic Waste Within Days

Researchers have re-engineered a plastic-eating enzyme to degrade bottles within days — and it might be ready to start eating our trash as soon as next year.

The Mystery of Saturn’s Giant Hexagonal Storm May Soon Be Solved
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The Mystery of Saturn’s Giant Hexagonal Storm May Soon Be Solved

Saturn’s hexagonal storm has been raging for decades for reasons unknown — until now.

This NASA Spacecraft Could Unveil the Origins of Life
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This NASA Spacecraft Could Unveil the Origins of Life

NASA’s OSIRIS-REx launched at asteroid Bennu approx 4 years ago.

Florida to Release 750 Million GMO Mosquitoes in 2021
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Florida to Release 750 Million GMO Mosquitoes in 2021

The U.S. EPA gave the green light to release millions of genetically modified mosquitoes in the Florida Keys in 2021 — here’s what we know.

This Nuclear Battery Could Power Deep Space Missions for Decades
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This Nuclear Battery Could Power Deep Space Missions for Decades

A new method called lattice confinement fusion could be the compact, long-lasting energy source we’ve been searching for to power deep space missions.

How Quantum Diamonds Will Help Us Detect Cosmic Collisions
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How Quantum Diamonds Will Help Us Detect Cosmic Collisions

Scientists designed a tabletop gravitational wave detector that uses diamonds to see.

Is the Coronavirus ‘Airborne’ or Not?
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Is the Coronavirus ‘Airborne’ or Not?

Scientists are becoming increasingly concerned that COVID-19 travels as an airborne pathogen — here’s what you should know.

Earth’s “Evil” Twin May Hold Signs of Life
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Earth’s “Evil” Twin May Hold Signs of Life

A team of international astronomers discovered a rare gas in Venus’ atmosphere, suggesting that the planet could be harboring life in its clouds.

These Are the Most Promising COVID-19 Treatments
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These Are the Most Promising COVID-19 Treatments

Remdesivir and dexamethasone are two of the top contenders for a COVID-19 drug treatment — here’s what we know about them.

What Exactly Is Blockchain?
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What Exactly Is Blockchain?

Blockchain was built to revolutionize how we share data, but the features that make it secure also make it impractical — here’s what you should know.

What Really Killed the Dinosaurs?
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What Really Killed the Dinosaurs?

One of science's biggest mysteries may have finally been put to rest — here’s what we know.

What Would a Quantum Internet Look Like?
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What Would a Quantum Internet Look Like?

The U.S. Department of Energy recently rolled out a blueprint for quantum internet — here’s what we know.

Nose Swabs vs. Saliva: Which COVID Test Should You Take?
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Nose Swabs vs. Saliva: Which COVID Test Should You Take?

The U.S. FDA recently approved an affordable saliva-based COVID-19 test — here’s how it works.

Scientists Explore the Breaking Point Between Classical & Quantum Physics
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Scientists Explore the Breaking Point Between Classical & Quantum Physics

Scientists explored the breaking point between classical and quantum physics to understand how quantum objects can stay cool despite a growing energy supply.

This Massive Wall of Galaxies Is Lurking Beyond the Milky Way
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This Massive Wall of Galaxies Is Lurking Beyond the Milky Way

Cosmographers revealed a massive wall of galaxies lurking shockingly close-by — here’s why it was hidden from our view for so long.

Why the New ISS Toilet Cost $23 Million
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Why the New ISS Toilet Cost $23 Million

NASA aims to implement a universal waste management system — starting with their new $23 million space throne.

Elon Musk Unveils Neuralink's Latest Progress on Brain Machine Interface
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Elon Musk Unveils Neuralink's Latest Progress on Brain Machine Interface

Elon Musk recently revealed how Neuralink's implant works... using a pig.

Are We On Track to Have A COVID-19 Vaccine by 2021?
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Are We On Track to Have A COVID-19 Vaccine by 2021?

More than 160 COVID-19 vaccines are in development, but only two candidates are being pushed to market — here's what makes them special.

11 Billion Years of Our Universe’s History Were Missing… Until Now
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11 Billion Years of Our Universe’s History Were Missing… Until Now

After mapping the night sky for 20 years, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey has filled an 11 billion year gap in our knowledge of the universe’s history.

What Evidence Do We Have for Life on Mars?
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What Evidence Do We Have for Life on Mars?

One of the main jobs of NASA's Mars 2020 rover is to find signs of ancient microbial life on Mars – here's how it plans to meet that goal.

Future Missions May Use Neutron Stars to Navigate Deep Space
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Future Missions May Use Neutron Stars to Navigate Deep Space

As NASA sets its sights on distant planets, astronauts will need a way of orienting themselves in space — and pulsars could be the key.

What Does Race Have to Do With COVID-19?
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What Does Race Have to Do With COVID-19?

Communities of color continue to be hit disproportionately hard during the coronavirus pandemic — let’s talk about why.

Future Batteries Could Be Made Out of Viruses
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Future Batteries Could Be Made Out of Viruses

A pioneering team at MIT is using viruses to make batteries — like the kind you could use in your car.

Diamonds Could Unlock the Mysteries of Earth’s Core
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Diamonds Could Unlock the Mysteries of Earth’s Core

This innovative experiment uses diamonds to simulate the Earth’s core — so we may not need to go there to understand what it's like.

This Map Could Provide the Missing Clue to How Mars Became Inhospitable
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This Map Could Provide the Missing Clue to How Mars Became Inhospitable

Researchers have created the very first detailed map of the electric currents responsible for shaping the magnetic field that wraps around Mars.

China Is Launching Its Own Digital Currency, Here's Why
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China Is Launching Its Own Digital Currency, Here's Why

China might be the first country to abandon physical tender with its digital currency roll-out.

Nanoplastics Are Changing Everything We Know About Ocean Plastic
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Nanoplastics Are Changing Everything We Know About Ocean Plastic

Researchers are employing criminal forensics to understand the impacts of nanoplastics on our ocean environment.

How Heavy Is the Universe?
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How Heavy Is the Universe?

Scientists have been probing the cosmos to find out how much the universe weighs — but the two approaches are producing inconsistent results and causing a bit of tension.

Meet the “Wonderchicken” That Survived the Dinosaur Extinction
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Meet the “Wonderchicken” That Survived the Dinosaur Extinction

Scientists recently discovered the oldest fossil of a modern bird, revealing an extraordinary link between the age of dinosaurs and present day.

We May Finally Know Why Earth’s Magnetic North Keeps Moving
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We May Finally Know Why Earth’s Magnetic North Keeps Moving

A team of researchers from Leeds University believes it has uncovered why Earth's magnetic north pole keeps shifting.

The Secrets of ‘Magic’ Angle Graphene Are Now Fully Revealed
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The Secrets of ‘Magic’ Angle Graphene Are Now Fully Revealed

Researchers have mapped an entire twisted graphene structure for the first time to figure out what makes it so magical.

What Perseverance Can Do That Past Mars Rovers Couldn’t
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What Perseverance Can Do That Past Mars Rovers Couldn’t

NASA’s Perseverance rover is due to launch in the summer of 2020 — here’s what the new and improved rover can do that other Mars rovers couldn’t.

We Still Don’t Understand What Water Is, Here’s Why
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We Still Don’t Understand What Water Is, Here’s Why

Water is the most abundant liquid on Earth, but it’s also the most bizarre, leaving researchers to question if it’s actually two different liquids instead of one complicated one.

Radiation Might Be the Key Ingredient for Extraterrestrial Life
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Radiation Might Be the Key Ingredient for Extraterrestrial Life

New research reveals that massive amounts of radioactive material might be essential for life outside our solar system.

This Missing Force Field Could Lead to a Dark Matter Breakthrough
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This Missing Force Field Could Lead to a Dark Matter Breakthrough

The strong CP problem is one of the biggest puzzles in physics — but axions could be the solution.

This Cell Might Hold the Answer To a Universal Cure For Cancer
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This Cell Might Hold the Answer To a Universal Cure For Cancer

A new immune discovery could provide universal cancer treatment — here's how it works.

What if the Universe Was Lopsided?
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What if the Universe Was Lopsided?

A new study suggests our universe might not be isotropic like we thought, but instead anisotropic — meaning we might live in a lopsided universe.

This Black Hole Is So Close You Can “See” It, Here’s How
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This Black Hole Is So Close You Can “See” It, Here’s How

A team of astronomers discovered a black hole lying just 1,000 light-years from Earth — and its presence may hint at the existence of many more.

This Photon-Printed Carbon Is Stronger Than Diamond
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This Photon-Printed Carbon Is Stronger Than Diamond

Scientists have designed the first-ever super-light carbon nanostructure that’s stronger than diamond.

‘Hot’ Qubits Crack a Major Quantum Computing Challenge
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‘Hot’ Qubits Crack a Major Quantum Computing Challenge

Researchers believe they’ve overcome a major obstacle standing in the way of practical quantum computers.

This Exoplanet Suddenly Disappeared From Space, Where Did It Go?
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This Exoplanet Suddenly Disappeared From Space, Where Did It Go?

A planet discovered by Hubble suddenly vanished — here’s where it went and what its disappearance could mean for the study of planetary systems.

The Mystery of Our Interstellar Visitor May Have Just Been Solved
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The Mystery of Our Interstellar Visitor May Have Just Been Solved

A new study suggests that 'Oumuamua, our solar system’s first interstellar visitor, has a new origin story.

The Hidden Phenomenon the First Black Hole Photo Didn’t Show You
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The Hidden Phenomenon the First Black Hole Photo Didn’t Show You

A team of scientists are performing calculations to further predict how we could see black holes in far more detail in the future.

What Does Blood Plasma Therapy Mean for COVID-19?
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What Does Blood Plasma Therapy Mean for COVID-19?

Exciting preliminary evidence claims that blood plasma therapy might be able to treat COVID-19 — here’s what we know.

Time Doesn’t Reverse Like Physicists Thought, Here’s Why
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Time Doesn’t Reverse Like Physicists Thought, Here’s Why

An international team of researchers broke the symmetry of time using black hole simulations — and they believe they demonstrated that time cannot be reversed.

We Still Don’t Know Why Glass Exists, Here’s Why
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We Still Don’t Know Why Glass Exists, Here’s Why

Scientists remain puzzled by glass and are determined to find the ideal form — but it might not be attainable.

How an Accident Sparked a Quantum Computing Breakthrough
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How an Accident Sparked a Quantum Computing Breakthrough

This series of happy accidents might have upended our approach to constructing quantum computers.

Why Is Uranus Shooting Plasma Bubbles?
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Why Is Uranus Shooting Plasma Bubbles?

While looking through Voyager 2 data, scientists discovered Uranus’ atmosphere is leaking gas.

Why the Coronavirus Pandemic Is Affecting Your Dreams
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Why the Coronavirus Pandemic Is Affecting Your Dreams

We spoke with Dr. Dierdre Barrett, an Assistant Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, to find out why your dreams might be more vivid than usual during the pandemic.

How Contact Tracing Will Help Us Emerge From Lockdown
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How Contact Tracing Will Help Us Emerge From Lockdown

This tool traces individuals who’ve come into contact with someone infected by COVID-19, which could help us finally emerge from lockdown.

The Future of Quantum Computing Could Live on a Cryogenic Chip
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The Future of Quantum Computing Could Live on a Cryogenic Chip

This new innovation shrinks quantum technology down onto a cryogenic chip.

Vortex Collisions Could Unravel How Order Turns to Disorder
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Vortex Collisions Could Unravel How Order Turns to Disorder

Scientists at Harvard are using a high-speed camera, colorful dye, and cannons to find out how vortexes lead to turbulence.

How Slime Mold Is Helping Us Map the Universe’s Dark Matter
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How Slime Mold Is Helping Us Map the Universe’s Dark Matter

Researchers are using slime mold to map the universe's dark matter.

Farming Metal From Plants Could Be the Future of Sustainable Tech
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Farming Metal From Plants Could Be the Future of Sustainable Tech

These plants have evolved to absorb metal from the soil.

This Doctor Asked His Patient To Play Her Violin Through Brain Surgery
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This Doctor Asked His Patient To Play Her Violin Through Brain Surgery

This patient played the violin during her own brain surgery.

When Will We Have a Coronavirus Vaccine?
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When Will We Have a Coronavirus Vaccine?

We spoke to two vaccine experts about the potential timeline of a COVID-19 vaccine.

DIY Coronavirus Masks Are Not Created Equal: Here’s What We Know
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DIY Coronavirus Masks Are Not Created Equal: Here’s What We Know

DIY coronavirus masks are not created equal — these are the materials that work best.

Here’s the Latest on Hydroxychloroquine and Other Coronavirus Antivirals
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Here’s the Latest on Hydroxychloroquine and Other Coronavirus Antivirals

‘There are a number of antiviral drugs that are being tested.’ — Here’s the latest on coronavirus antivirals

This Dead Star Is Twisting Spacetime
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This Dead Star Is Twisting Spacetime

A pulsar has just confirmed another piece of the general relativity puzzle Einstein predicted.

This New Superconducting Camera Could Finally Help Us See Alien Life
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This New Superconducting Camera Could Finally Help Us See Alien Life

With over 1,000 sensors, this superconducting camera can count single particles of light and potentially help us detect alien life.

Einstein Might Have Been Wrong About Gravity... Here’s Why
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Einstein Might Have Been Wrong About Gravity... Here’s Why

According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, gravitons should be massless — but this new theory suggests he might've been wrong.

How Long Does the Novel Coronavirus Live on Surfaces?
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How Long Does the Novel Coronavirus Live on Surfaces?

Here's how long the novel coronavirus lives on common surfaces.

Why Engineers Turned to Origami to Create Reality-Bending Metamaterials
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Why Engineers Turned to Origami to Create Reality-Bending Metamaterials

Inspired by origami, researchers at University of Washington have developed a solution to help reduce impact forces, which could one day let us reuse spacecraft or even harvest energy for electronics.

Meet the Autonomous Insect Robots That Will One Day Swarm the Skies
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Meet the Autonomous Insect Robots That Will One Day Swarm the Skies

Meet the fleet of next-generation autonomous robots that are modeled entirely after insects.

Toxic PFAS Are In Our Drinking Water, How Plasma Tech Could Remove It
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Toxic PFAS Are In Our Drinking Water, How Plasma Tech Could Remove It

PFAs have been used in everyday products around the world since the 1940s, but these human-made chemicals are now present in our air, water, and bodies and we don't know how to get rid of them.

Did This New Coronavirus Come From Bats? Here’s What We Know
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Did This New Coronavirus Come From Bats? Here’s What We Know

By now, you’ve probably heard of the novel Coronavirus. Like most viruses, it knows no borders and has spread all over the world. So where did this outbreak begin?

This Is What You Need to Know About the Novel Coronavirus
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This Is What You Need to Know About the Novel Coronavirus

We sat down with two medical professionals to discuss COVID-19 — here’s everything you need to know about how to stay healthy and how well-equipped we are to handle the virus.

Graphene ‘Wonder Material’ Can Now Be Made Using Trash
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Graphene ‘Wonder Material’ Can Now Be Made Using Trash

A recent breakthrough from researchers at Rice University promises to make graphene out of garbage in a flash — here’s how this miraculous transformation happens.

The Race to Mars in 2020
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The Race to Mars in 2020

Humans are launching four separate missions to Mars in July 2020.

Everything We Know About Antarctica’s 'Ghost Particles'
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Everything We Know About Antarctica’s 'Ghost Particles'

Ultra-high-energy neutrinos are hitting Antarctica, so what experiments are working to discover the particles?

This Massive Black Hole Is Blasting a Jet at 99% the Speed of Light
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This Massive Black Hole Is Blasting a Jet at 99% the Speed of Light

Supermassive black hole M87* has been observed shooting jets of physical material into space at extreme speeds that might break the cosmic speed limit.

Chang’e 4 Mission’s New Images Illuminate the Far Side of the Moon
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Chang’e 4 Mission’s New Images Illuminate the Far Side of the Moon

It’s been one year since China’s Chang’e 4 landed on the far side of the moon—what has it learned so far?

Japan’s Next Neutrino Hunter Could Revolutionize Particle Physics
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Japan’s Next Neutrino Hunter Could Revolutionize Particle Physics

Japan approved construction for the world’s next largest neutrino detector—here's what we can expect.

Hubble Spotted New Evidence That Dark Matter Is "Cold"
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Hubble Spotted New Evidence That Dark Matter Is "Cold"

We don't know what dark matter is, because we can't detect it. But new observations from Hubble could illuminate dark matter's true identity—and the role it plays in the fate of our universe.

This New Particle Accelerator Is Smaller Than a Human HAIR
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This New Particle Accelerator Is Smaller Than a Human HAIR

This particle accelerator is so small it fits on a microchip.

The Fabric of Spacetime Was Rocked By Largest-Ever Neutron Star Merger
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The Fabric of Spacetime Was Rocked By Largest-Ever Neutron Star Merger

Two massive neutron stars collided, and the result rocked our entire universe—here’s what we learned.

Will Betelgeuse Explode? This Is What Scientists Know So Far
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Will Betelgeuse Explode? This Is What Scientists Know So Far

Massive red supergiant Betelgeuse has been losing its sparkle, which has led many scientists to wonder: Is one of the sky’s brightest stars headed toward its demise by way of supernova explosion?

Light Pollution Is One of the World’s Biggest Buzzkills…Here’s Why
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Light Pollution Is One of the World’s Biggest Buzzkills…Here’s Why

Insect populations are dropping, but turning off your lights could help.

This 3D-Printed Bunny Could Be the Future of Data Storage
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This 3D-Printed Bunny Could Be the Future of Data Storage

This 3D-printed plastic rabbit is an advanced proof of concept for DNA as data storage.

Meet the Xenobot, the World’s First-Ever "Living" Robot
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Meet the Xenobot, the World’s First-Ever "Living" Robot

These researchers paired biology with artificial intelligence to create the world’s first “living” robots.

How Is Uranium Made Into Nuclear Fuel?
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How Is Uranium Made Into Nuclear Fuel?

We're constantly hearing about nuclear enrichment in the news, but what does it mean and when should we be concerned?

When Did Humans Start Walking? This Fossil Might Hold the Answer
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When Did Humans Start Walking? This Fossil Might Hold the Answer

You might want to take a seat for this one: early humans walked on two feet WAY before we previously thought.

Artificial Leaf Technology Could One Day Power Our World
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Artificial Leaf Technology Could One Day Power Our World

This artificial leaf creates methanol, absorbs CO2 from the air and is 10 times more efficient than plant photosynthesis. Can you be-leaf it?!

This Dying Star Created the Highest-Energy Gamma-Ray Burst Ever Recorded
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This Dying Star Created the Highest-Energy Gamma-Ray Burst Ever Recorded

This cataclysmic event just generated the “brightest” light in the known universe — and we detected it using MAGIC.

Scientists Discovered How Sleep Cleans Toxins From Your Brain
Elements
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Scientists Discovered How Sleep Cleans Toxins From Your Brain

Scientists now know how cerebrospinal fluid cleans the brain as you sleep, removing toxins that could cause Alzheimer's.

How Renewable Energy Is Releasing a Gas Way Worse Than CO2
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How Renewable Energy Is Releasing a Gas Way Worse Than CO2

Could a switch to renewable sources like wind and solar power actually emit more of the most potent greenhouse gas there is?

The Dangerous Truth Behind Lunar Dust
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The Dangerous Truth Behind Lunar Dust

During the first lunar missions, NASA discovered the dangerous nature of the moon’s dust. So as we get ready to head back, are we ready to deal with lunar dust?

This Record-Breaking 3D Printer Could Be the Future of Manufacturing
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This Record-Breaking 3D Printer Could Be the Future of Manufacturing

Stereolithography printing systems have obstacles with speed and size, but with the latest innovation with the HARP printer that might change.

Scientists Just Fit Our Universe in a Box…Wait What
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Scientists Just Fit Our Universe in a Box…Wait What

Scientists just released one of the most advanced simulations of our universe to date, and it fit in a box.

You Can Now Feel 3D images, Thanks to This New Tech
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You Can Now Feel 3D images, Thanks to This New Tech

3D images you can not only see, but feel and hear? This is not a drill.