Bumble Bee Set to Become Officially Endangered
The species is likely affected by pathogens and pesticides.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has proposed listing a species of bumble bee as an endangered species, the first bee species to be granted such federal protection in the continental United States.
The rusty patched bumble bee - the workers of which can be identified by a small rust-colored mark on the middle of their second abdominal segment - was historically widespread along the east coast of North America, from Quebec down to Georgia, and across much of the midwest as far west as the Dakotas. However, says USFWS, since the late 1990s, the species' numbers have decreased precipitously, and its range is now a mere 8 percent of its historical extent.
RELATED: Pesticides Diminish Bee Sperm
According to the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, the bee faces numerous threats from disease, pesticides, habitat loss, and climate change. The society says that the species' recent decline -- and that of other, closely related, bumble bees -- was likely initiated by the spread of pathogens from commercial bees (which are raised and sold to pollinate greenhouse tomatoes and other crops) into the wild population.
Additionally, there's concern over the widespread use of neonicotinoid insecticides within the species' range. These insecticides have been implicated in declines of other bee species and were introduced around the time that the rusty patched bumble bee entered its downward spiral. The USFWS finding also concluded that problems such as habitat loss and fragmentation and climate change may also be contributory factors.
The Xerces Society notes that the species is an important pollinator, not only of prairie wildflowers but also of cranberries, blueberries, apples, alfalfa and other crops. "Native pollinators in the U.S. provide essential pollination services to agriculture which are valued at more than $9 billion annually," said Eric Lee-Mäder, co-director of the organization's pollinator program.
The rusty patched bumble bee is already listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species, and the USFWS action comes in response to a 2013 petition from the Xerces Society and a lawsuit the following year filed by the society and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC).
RELATED: Bumble Bees Born with Ability to Buzz for Pollen
"This decision comes not a moment too soon," said Rebecca Riley, senior attorney with NRDC. "Bee populations -- including thousands of species of wild bees -- are in crisis across the country, and the rusty patched bumble bee is one of the most troubling examples. (This) decision is a critical step forward. If finalized, the endangered species protections will improve the health of our ecosystem as well as the security of our national food supply."
SEE PHOTOS: Plant These Flowers to Power Bees
If you're looking to help the bees in your hood, consider adding some native flowering plants to your garden. "Think of the flowers your grandmother used in her garden as a practical guide, especially when using nonnative plants," advises a USDA report. "The pollinators will thank you." Looking for some ideas? Check out these flowering plants that can help give bees a boost.
Crocus are a good choice to attract bees in the early spring. They're also pollinated by butterflies.
BLOG: Spring Flowers Arriving Month Earlier at Rocky Mountains
Asters are perennials that provide nectar and pollen, and do well when planted in late summer and fall.
Geraniums are another pollinator-friendly perennial.
The Calendula is an annual that's sometimes called a pot marigold.
Cleome are annuals that are native to the western United States, and they provide pollen in summer to bees.
Bees loves sunflowers and sometimes even stop on them to catch a few zzzzs.
Cut flowers, including zinnia (above), celosia, ageratum and wildflowers like goldenrod are bumble bee magnets. So are herbs including lavendar, anise hyssop, motherwort, basil and sage. Want to see more flowers -- and herbs to help bees? Check out this
from American Bee Journal.